This lecture explores diverse approaches in the contemporary academic study of Christianity in China—a research endeavour spanning many disciplines, interpretive positions, intellectual persuasions, and contextual restrictions. Representing neither a network of scholars with one vision nor a set of shared assumptions, this field today is divided along discursive, cultural, and institutional lines highlighting the complex histories in church and academy, in and outside of China, that contribute to diverging interpretations of the place and meaning of Christianity in China’s past and present. The talk enumerates conceptual understandings of Christianity in China, from indigenisation and contextualisation to Sinicisation, religious policy perspectives, and Chinese Christianity within World Christianity, and critically engages the premises and rationale of each approach presented.