This study looks into the construction of the Church of St. Paul’s, St. Joseph’s Church, and Monte Fort in Macao throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries—a period marked by the Ming-Qing dynastic changes and global maritime trade. The study examines how these religious and military buildings transformed the urban landscape of Macao, how diverse groups in the city responded to the liturgical activities and fortifications, and, most importantly, how the architectural construction signified the power dynamics in Macao within the context of the Ming-Qing transition. Attention to the built environments of the churches and forts also highlights the challenging natural conditions of Macao. The churches and forts in Macao actively facilitated the Sino-Euro encounter during the so-called Early Modern era.